They are systems that ensure interoperability across various platforms and services. They enable seamless discovery, information exchange, and end-to-end transactions, regardless of the specific apps or services being used. They replace closed, proprietary platforms with an ecosystem where competition, innovation, and collaboration can thrive. To understand their power, let’s consider a practical example. Imagine a ride-hailing app that shows all available transportation options — taxis, buses, trains, scooters, and even bicycles — not just those from a single provider like Uber. This would bring all suppliers and consumers together in one app. This transparency and inclusivity is not limited to transport. It can apply to commerce, education, healthcare, green energy, and countless other sectors.